Effective use for family art therapy

Effective use for family art therapy Originally used in individual sessions, art therapy is taking a more active and integrated role in family therapy, crisis interventions such as violence in the home or alcoholism in the family, with mental health patients (e.g. schizophrenics), and children who are adopted or in foster homes. Families are a complex system comprised of subsytems, alliances, and triangles. In order to get a better understanding of familial patterns and how the family operates, art therapy sessions with the entire family provides an unusual opportunity to observe how the family unit functions in a situation less formal and less subject to their established mechanisms of control than is the purely verbal pyschotherapeutic interview (Kwiatkowska, p. 27). Art therapy is useful for providing an individual the opportunity to step back and evaluate the meaning of his or her subjective art expressions. This promotes a persons ability to symbolize, to think, and to think about thinking. Visual representation offers a means to express multiple layers of meaning in a condensed format. The graphic product is durable, allowing a client to review and respond to what has been expressed (Linesch, p. 26). Individuals, family members and the therapist literally have a visual picture of how an individual views themselves, their role in the family, wishes they have for their family, or anything else they have kept to themselves. Another effective use for art therapy is using metaphors to teach parents and children new roles and relationships, thus adding a new dimension to structural family therapy (Linesh, p. 51). For example, if a family is struggling with their adolescent child and the child draws his mother with a big mouth and says that mother is always yelling, mother realizes how she is affecting the family with her yelling. According to Kwiatkowska, the focus of therapy often switches because of the way different family members present their views of the problem. The initial reason for seeking treatment is overshadowed by a totally different aspect of the family disurbance brought to their awareness through their art productions (p.139). Drawing pictures, painting, or working with clay may seem easy and fun to do but this work demands a solid backgorund in family therapy and extensive psychoterapeutic experience in addition to art therapy training (Kwiatkowska, p. 137). Case and Dalley agree that the theory and practice of art therapy has evolved to require that the practioners of art therapy are highly trained and experienced people whose skills continue to develop after their initial training program (p. 146). Like regular therapists, art therapists must create boundaries with their clients and their families. One must be firm with families who disrupt the session either with constant bickering or irrelevant flow of words. Eventually such maneuvers should be explored as one of the patterns of family behavior (Kwiatkowska, p. 31). The basic role of the therapist is to create a non-threatening environment for the family as some members may feel anxious about working with art. It is the therapists duty to remind the family that when doing evaluations, it is important to emphasize that they will not be graded or tested on their artistic skill but instead use the media as a way to communicate and self expression (Kwiatkowska, p. 85). It is also important that the room must feel safe enough to express ideas, feelings, thoughts. Having open access to materials can make avilable man posible avenues of expression (Case and Dalley, p. 99). Case and Dalley believe it is not the job of the therapist to encourage spilling out of emotions but in fact to help the client feel that her feelings, however difficult to express, will be contained, listened to and understood (p. 102). The therapists role is to remain open to the imagery and all its potential meaning for the patient and containt the anxiety and feelings that are generated in attempting to understand it. It is possible a clear meaning will not emerge until weeks into therapy where connections can made and understanding takes place (Case and Dalley, p. 65). During assessments or therapy sessions the therapist will give the family some directives. For example, the therapist may request that the family draw a free picture, a picture of your family, an abstract family portrait, a picture started with the help of a scribble, a joing family scribble, then another free picture (Kwiatkowska, p. 86). The therapist should take notice of what materials each member uses and how they are explaining their picture. Proulx explains that as the art therapist views the work, they keep in mind the interactions that occurred how the material was used to symbolically represent the relationship and the amount of personal space occupied by the child or parent. Intensity of media application, amount of energy portrayed: is it full of life, full of color? Also note in the portrait who is included, who is left out, and which part of the work becomes the parents possession or the childs. Are there obvious projections ontothe child by the parent? Is there engagement, communication, emotional contact, enjoyment and loving? ( p. 72). Although some directives are given, the therapist should not offer help to the children until the parents or siblings have responded (or not responded) to the childs plea for help. Their behavior in this regard is an important source of information about how the parents have met their need of their adolescent or young adult offspring in their early childhood (Kwiatkowska, p. 85). In a regular session, the therapist can get more information from the family by asking them to explore self-perceptions. To do this, therapist can ask family members to draw themselves as they feel inside and to draw themselves as they imagine they look to their family (Linesch, p. 28). To facilitate adaptive coping, therapist might ask family to choose pictures or draw images that describe possible solutions to the problem. Family members may also be asked to represent themselves and their families as they are now and as they would like to be in the future. This can bring to light individual needs and family problem-solving (Linesch, p. 29). One of the disadvantages of art therapy is that the therapist is more vulnerable to misinterpretation in terms of the objective understanding of content. Care must be taken not to make rapid interpretations which might prevent or even deny the client the satisfaction of discovering and finding out for herself (Case and Dalley, p. 65). Because art therapy involves a lot of interpreation, it is understandable that critiques about this technique are similar to that of psychotherapy. The individuals images can come across as many things but only the individual himself can explain it. The therapist is urged not to point out obvious red signals, instead they should allow the client to come up with their own interpretations. Their own interpretations alone are something to make note of as it may shed some light on the clients thought process. Throughout many examples explored, art therapy was useful in helping family members listen to one another, rebalance hierarchies, and provided a vehicle for the individuals to take advantage of increased self-expressive abilities and share their internal experiences as communication between family/system members (Linesch, p. 158).

JM Smucker Company Essay

The history of the J.M. Smucker Company is reviewed and demonstrates the evolution of the company. Business strategies and the importance of business intelligence systems are examined, concerning how the company conducts business. The company’s growth processes resulting from acquisitions and brand awareness are reviewed. Innovative plans implemented continually within the company are mentioned. The importance of people is stressed throughout the company and in the public eye. The J.M. Smucker Company continues to hold fast to the same values that the company began with over one hundred years ago. The J.M. Smucker Company Although the J.M. Smucker Company (SJM) began by selling its apple cider, for many years now it has been well known for its jams and jellies. Today, however, the company has expanded into several other markets within the food industry. They have continued to grow through acquisitions and name brand awareness. The company has a strong vision and holds to its moral ideals and values throughout its business activities. Smucker’s continually develops new product ideas to expand its peanut butter and jelly market. Additionally, the J.M. Smucker Company remains the leading producer of jam and jellies and is known for its quality products. History Jerome Monroe Smucker established the J.M. Smucker Company in 1897 as a cider mill in a small community in Orrville, Ohio about an hour south of Cleveland. Interestingly, Smucker’s apples used for cider came from an orchard that had been originally planted by Johnny Appleseed (John Chapman) himself. However, due to the cyclical nature of apples, Jerome needed to find another source of revenue that would enable earnings throughout the year; thus, he decided to sell apple butter that he made using his grandfather’s recipe. His grandfather’s recipe provided him with a competitive advantage that no one else at the time seemed to have. The recipe used a secret method that captured the vapors typically lost in the process that permeated into the apple butter introducing a unique flavor drawing many customers to his mill and creamery (CEO, 2001). As a result of his unique apple butter, Smucker earned a positive reputation, took pride in his work, and began stamping his name on every crock of apple butter sold. The Smucker name continues to be a part of their packaging symbolizing a guarantee in quality that has spanned five generations of the Smucker’s family. The Smucker’s company continued to flourish as Jerome’s eldest son, Willard, delivered twenty-five cent, half-gallon crocks to customers using a wagon and was producing revenues of almost $60,000 as early as 1915 with a net profit of nearly $3,000 per year. In 1921, the J.M. Smucker Company became incorporated and already had an extensive line of quality preserves and jellies made from whole fruit and/or pure fruit juice. The company remained privately owned by Jerome and all of his children, sons and daughters. Its products were distributed throughout Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Indiana by way of the railroad and due to the large scale of volume, the Pennsylvania Railroad built a special siding to the Smucker plant in 1928 (History, n.d.). A railroad siding is an additional piece of track usually designated for specific usage, for the J.M. Smucker company for example, that runs alongside and connects to a main track at either end (Railroad, n.d.). The company was well on i ts way to expanding into the successful business it is today. Business Activities Packaging From the earliest of times, SJM strategized on how to improve its business activities to increase revenues while maintaining its quaint image reflecting the family’s strong conservative beliefs, which it holds onto dearly. Upon analyzing its packaging in 1938, the company realized there must be a better way to package its goods as opposed to its familiar crocks that were cumbersome and heavy to ship. Willard came up with the idea to use glass jars with an image of a pioneer woman boiling apple butter on the front that upheld Smucker’s reputation of old-fashioned quality (History, n.d.). Customers loved the new packaging, sales exceeded one million dollars in 1939, and the National Packaging Show awarded the organization for best packaging design success. Management The business survived the depression and war years reaching its fiftieth anniversary in 1947 and Jerome Smucker lived just long enough to see it before passing away at ninety years old. His sons, Willard and Paul, continued managing the company and sought methods to promote growth and diversification. Today, Jerome’s great-grandsons, Tim and Richard Smucker, manage the company by working together as a team and sharing the duties. Five other Smucker family members work for the company as well and the brothers’ hope is that one of them has what it takes to become the Chief Executive Officer of the J.M. Smucker Company in the future (Andrejczak, 2009). Over one hundred years later, the J.M. Smucker Company still exists as a family organization with the Smucker’s family maintaining partial ownership of the company. Products and Brand Names The Smucker boys, as they are commonly referred to, have increased sales sevenfold over the last decade through recent acquisitions boosting SJM into the number one market share position in ten different categories in America’s grocery stores and becoming a power player within the food industry (Andrejczak, 2009). Besides peanut butter and jelly, its products include shortening and oils, dessert toppings, syrups, fruit and vegetable juices, waffles, and coffee. Smucker obtained many of its products via acquisitions to expand its product line while focusing on major brands. Through the process, some of its brand names now include Crisco, Crosse & Blackwell, Eagle Brand, Folgers, Pillsbury, R.W. Knudsen Family, and Dunkin’ Donuts. Most of these brands and products probably seem quite familiar to the everyday person since SJM’s primary focus is on its consumer business. However, according to Tim Smucker, the business is divided into six areas: consumer, foodservice (restaurants and hotels), specialty foods (specialty gourmet products), industrial (proprietary fruit ingredients), beverages (health and natural foods beverages), and international (fruit spreads, fruit ingredients, juices and marinades) (CEO, 2001). In addition to having well known brand products, customers have come to recognize SJM’s tag lines such as, â€Å"Choosy mothers choose Jif,† â€Å"With a name like Smucker’s it has to be good,† and â€Å"The best part of waking up is Folgers in your cup† directly associated with the products. Business Strategy Although J.M. Smucker sells its products internationally, its primary growth strategy as of the mid-1990s and still today is to acquire the number one food brands in North America that sell in the center of grocery stores. Its new strategy was determined by collaborating with many people that not only included executive level employees, but also listened to the ideas and thoughts from managerial and operational level factory workers in the decision-making process (Gunther, 2010). Smucker’s formed a simple and straightforward business strategy using a repeat business model that is geographically focused (Agramonte, 2008). The company decided to reach its goals by diversifying its products via multi-branding stemming from acquisitions. The Smucker family and managers met with analysts to examine their new growth strategy planning how to achieve their goals (J.M. Smucker, n.d.). The J.M. Smucker Company moved forward with its plans acquiring three major brands and several smaller ones. Acquisitions.The top three Smucker’s acquisitions were Jif and Crisco from Procter & Gamble, International Multifoods (IMC), and Folgers. However as SJM expanded their horizons, they knew necessary technological improvements must take place to align their new acquisitions within the company, which prides itself in quality and integrity. Making use of today’s modern computer technologies and services, the company hired Edgewater Technology, an organization that specializes in mergers and acquisitions integration, to assist SJM in building a common support system involving business processes, data requirements, and implementing a common set of tools while addressing risk management (LeBaron, 2007, June). Unfortunately at the time, SJM was still undergoing an enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation that slowed the progression of integrating the two organizations. Additionally, the two companies contained massive amounts of data in dissimilar source formats and st ructures that needed to be transferred. Edgewater overcame the challenges due to its familiarity with SJM and knowledgeable approach successfully completing the project meeting budget and time constraints. The J.M. Smucker Company pleased with Edgewater’s previous performance, hired them again to integrate IMC plants and contract manufacturers with SJM’s Canadian production plant. Edgewater set ought to transfer IMC onto Smucker’s U.S. systems and business processes and integrate IMC’s supply chain using a cross-border strategy (Lebaron, 2007, May). The project entailed the collaboration of eleven teams and SJM created an executive-level on-line forum for identifying, reviewing, planning, and resolving any issues. The integration was completed successfully producing substantial financial benefits that Smucker’s had hoped to achieve by acquiring IMC. Information Systems SJM not only employed information technology (IT) for its acquisitions, moreover it has always sought methods to achieve improvements throughout its business processes and has invested considerable amounts of money in new technologies. For example, Smucker’s chose Oracle for several of its information system needs. Oracle is one of the better-known companies that offer numerous services in business software providing customers with the flexibility they want to match their individual IT infrastructure needs. Furthermore, Oracle’s products contain benefits such as energy efficiency, outstanding availability, superb performance, and scalability. In 2008, SJM began utilizing Oracle’s Application Integration Architecture (AIA) and Oracle’s Siebel Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Integration Pack for Oracle Trade Promotion Management (Oracle, 2008). In fact, Oracle stated the J.M. Smucker Company was the first customer to deploy its new AIA with its CRM In tegration Pack in 2008. AIA benefits Smucker’s by managing data flows and data synchronizations; thereby, optimizing business processes across enterprise applications. AIA is an integration structure that supplies a basis on which to build business process flows with pre-built integrations (Application, 2010). CRM, however, is a strategy designed to generate and sustain customer relationships by concentrating on downstream information flows via dependable systems and procedures (Valacich & Schneider, 2010). Many advantages such as individualized service, expeditious problem recognition and resolution, enhanced information, and better product development as a result of tracking customer behavior over time stem from CRM. Lastly, trade promotion management, enables sales and margin improvements, improves account and category management, and enhances collaboration and productivity between external and internal functions (Hand, 2008). Oracle’s Trade Promotion Management, CRM, and AIA together signi ficantly decrease IT expenses when installing and maintaining integrations. Furthermore, SJM has implemented Oracle’s Service-oriented Architecture, Identity Management, Business Intelligence Publisher, E-business Suite, and WebCenter Suite and has increased its business intelligence usage. Smucker’s Chief Information Officer (CIO) has the knowledge and leadership skills to execute enterprise-wide information systems to achieve the benefits that continue to move a company forward and sustain a technological competitive advantage. Every year the Oracle Magazine editors grant an award to people who demonstrate such leadership, commitment, and vision in managing Oracle technology (Kelly, 2009). Smucker’s CIO and Vice President of Information Services, Andy Platt, earned Oracle’s CIO of the year in North America award in 2009. Smucker’s also makes use of other technologies such as Retail Solutions Incorporated’s Promotion Execution Solution and Terra Technology’s Demand Sensing Solution adding value to SMJ’s supply chain. Demand sensing is the interpretation of downstream data with minimal delay for understanding what is being sold, who is purchasing the product, and the impact of demand shaping (Cecere & Bois, 2007). Demand shaping is a customer centric method of planning and execution aligning processes with customer demand at strategic and tactical levels (Dey & Singh, 2007). Basically, demand sensing may be thought of as a type of inventory optimization providing an effective use of resources that reduces inventory, lowers costs, and significantly lessens forecasting error by forty percent. According to the J.M. Smucker Company, it chose the demand sensing solution because the product could improve forecasting accuracy within the supply chain area (Gale Group, 2007). Further more, Terra Technology’s Demand Sensing Solution is completely compatible with Oracle products. Whereas the demand sensing solution optimizes inventory processes, Retail Solutions Incorporated’s Promotion Execution Solution enhances retail applications used within the consumer product goods (CPG) industry. Retail applications further promotional strategies by improving store level execution, reducing out-of-stocks, and maximizing the efficiency of merchandisers (Guyot, 2008). SJM selected the promotion execution solution as a supplement to its Radio Frequency Identification Tag (RFID) Analytics and On-Shelf Management already in use. The goal was to streamline J.M. Smucker’s supply chain and expand its Electronic Product Code (EPC), a family of coding schemes for Gen 2 RFID tags across multiple processes. The successful implementation of the promotion execution solution for SJM built better relationships with its retail customers. Moreover, SJM has obtained a logical decision making framework that aids in making complex promotional decisions. Electronic Commerce The Internet and World Wide Web have also fostered the J.M. Smucker Company’s use of technology. The company has utilized the Web by entering into the world of electronic commerce (e-commerce) in many sectors. The general term â€Å"electronic business† basically encompasses any use of technology to provide support to a business. On the other hand, e-commerce generally covers the technological aspects that aid in producing revenue either by directly selling goods to customers or by allowing a company, such as Smucker’s, to do business with other related companies within the food industry, for example. The company’s Web site types consist of business-to-consumer (B2C) and business-to-business (B2B). SJM has a click-and-mortar strategy whereby the majority of its products sell at physical locations such as grocery stores with its B2C Web site following a traditional sales model where consumers are able to buy products directly from its Web site. Consumers may choose to view the Smucker’s U.S., Canada, or Mexico Web site. The Canada Web site allows the consumer to choose English or French as the displayed language and has a link connecting to the U.S. Website. The Mexico Website uses only Spanish for its language and has a different slogan than the other two, â€Å"Tu vida es mà ¡s rica con Smucker’s.† The slogan translates as, â€Å"Your life is more rich with Smucker’s† or â€Å"Your life is richer with Smucker’s.† However, the U.S. Web site contains a greater amount of information, product choices, and Web pages compared to the Canadian and Mexican versions. A stakeholder can gain much knowledge about the J.M. Smucker Company simply by examining its Web site. The Web site consists of six main pages titled Products, Recipes, Sensibly Sweet, What’s New, Our Company, and Shop Smucker’s. Within each Web page are additional pages and links. For example, the Sensibly Sweet Web page was designed with the health conscientious in mind and provides information about SJM’s reduced sugar and sugar free products with links that give tips on how to eat better and exercise. People merely wanting to learn about Smucker’s may click on the Our Company tab that supplies another list to choose from, including the history of the company, a list of its family brands, newsroom, and investor relations. Shareholders The Smucker’s Web site is one way technology has provided for stakeholders as well as shareholders to communicate with and attain information about the company. Shareholders may want to click on the Investor Relations tab that redirects a user to the Smucker’s Investors Web site that reports current stock information, financial news releases, analyst coverage, and a list of shareholder services to name a few. Furthermore, the site offers answers to frequently asked questions and provides a list of contacts for those who would like supplementary information. Lastly, investors may review SJM’s latest financial results, quarterly and annually, in comprehensive, detailed reports or Webcast presentations (another use of today’s technology) that explain future strategies and goals of the company.

Media Violence: Effects on Youth

Media Violence: Is It Corrupting Our Youth? Ever since the Columbine massacre, there has been many people who blame video games for violence among our youth. In the past few years, it has become normal for all branches of media to depict violence as an everyday thing. Because a vast majority of children watch television or play video games, it is no wonder that adults try to make the connection between the two. Although the media can have an affect on kids, there are also a great many socio-economic factors involved in a child’s behavior. This is the problem our society faces now that some people say the media can influence your psyche, perspective, and overall behavior, but so do your friends, so do your parents, so do your teachers, so do books. The real question is who is to blame? Movies, music, television shows, video games, none of these things actually make people commit crimes. Violence in the media and the real world rise in violence among children is not a cause but merely a coincidence. A person is an accumulation of their real life experiences. Children do not turn into a crazed maniac after playing a computer game or seeing a movie with violence. The easiest place to obtain a mind for violence is from a home setting. Adults want to find an outside source for the growth in violence among children instead of taking the blame first hand. It is the parents, those actually responsible for this corruption, who try to suggest otherwise and negligence on the part of those who seek to find a different cause. Adults seem to steer away from the increasingly true fact that our whole American society is doing this to its younger generation, and not just the media. To prove this, news reports after the Columbine massacre in which two troubled teens go on a murderous rampage, attribute the kids actions to a violent game called â€Å"DOOM†. The media is not the problem, because kids will act violent regardless. This tragedy was a result of a mixture of bad peers, bad home life, and the friendship of two people who had anger problems. The parents would have based their actions off of something else if they did not have games like â€Å"DOOM† to avoid scrutiny. Many times kids have outbursts of odd or dangerous behavior that they know will get them in trouble, but instead of taking the blame, they attribute it to some other source, although in this case, it is the parents and news media who do this. An example of this type of behavior is the circumstances surrounding the famous Salem witchcraft trials, where young girls resorted to blaming their unholy actions solely on another person or the devil. These days, the â€Å"devil made me do it† and â€Å"witchcraft† excuse has lost its credibility. Now people have to find something else to take the blame and what easier target than a violent videogame. It was not DOOM that made these kids do what they did, but a mental instability, a penchant for violent behavior, and other psychological factors that did. Sure, they can model their multiple homicides after their favorite video game or death metal lyric, but in the end, they still killed people because they were mentally unstable and antisocial. I firmly believe a greater fault in issues like these lay with the parents, as they are ones that are supposed to teach their kids right from wrong. Later in the investigation, the attention did finally turn to the parents and what they did wrong, but the bad light that had already been put on those types of media has never vanished. With each of these types of cases, rarely do we ever hear of investigations of how these children were raised or what their environments they grew up in were like. A cause for the rise in violence is the fall in interaction between kids and their parents, which can create mental separation where the child does not feel important. This could cause kids to act out, mainly through violence, to get attention from the adults. Parents need to step up their parenting skills and do what they need to do, instead of pointing fingers at everyone else. If these kids are troubled, anything can trigger violence and misbehavior. We have natural logics that develop to what is right and wrong and what is fact and what is fiction. One of the key factors in this development is the parents and other adults in the child’s life. Adults are more influencing to kids than TV shows and video games, so adults should take responsibility for how the child acts. If parents seriously believe that violent media is doing this to their kids, then they should control what the kids can and cannot be exposed to. There are plenty of examples of how not to behave out there. It is up to each person and/or their parents to decide what is and is not acceptable behavior to emulate and fill his or her head with. At the end of the day, regardless of the outcome, we are responsible for our actions. If a person were to compare violence in youth here in the United States and violence in youth in the rest of the world, the person would see that there is little if any correlation between media and violence. It is the people who raise the kids who corrupt them and not the media. Personal responsibility has been slowly eroded over the last twenty years to a point where people are no longer responsible for being morbidly obese or going on crime sprees and murdering people. Personal responsibility is not only a moral and ethical imperative for society; it is liberating and strengthening for an individual. This type of blame shifting is at the core of what is wrong with society today. People need to stand up, take responsibility, and finally make a change.

The Perception Of Abnormal Psychology Essay - 986 Words

Malapropism: The mistaken use of a word in place of a similar-sounding one, often with unintentionally amusing effect. â€Å"She’s so bipolar.† â€Å"He’s antisocial.† â€Å"My O.C.D. is kicking in.† â€Å"I’m claustrophobic.† None of these sentences seem strange. As a matter of fact these statements have become so common that most people neglect to look into their meanings. Words such as â€Å"depression† and â€Å"claustrophobic† are used very frequently and are most likely used incorrectly. Many terms that are meant to diagnose psychiatric patients are being used very lightly in colloquial speech due to ignorance. Ignorance meaning lack of knowledge, not insolence. Bipolar Disorder, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Antisocial Personality Disorder and Phobias have been researched through the study of Abnormal Psychology. Abnormal Psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on unusual behaviors and psychopathy. (Campbell,) With the help of the DSM-V (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Fifth Edition) and Campbell’s Psychiatric Dictionary, all of these familiar terms will be broken down by the end of this text. She’s So Bipolar Bipolar Illness: affective (mood) disorder characterized by episodes of both mania and depression. (Campbell, 86) Also known as Manic-depressive disorder, bipolar disorder is a mood disorder that is categorized by episodes of mania and depression. (Campbell,86) A common misconception of bipolar disorder is that the mood changes are very rapid.Show MoreRelatedThe Perception Of Abnormal Psychology2044 Words   |  9 Pagescolloquial speech due to ignorance. Ignorance meaning lack of knowledge, not insolence. Bipolar Disorder, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Antisocial Personality Disorder and Phobias have been researched through the study of Abnormal Psychology. 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